The Puttaswamy judgment is a watershed in Indian constitutional law. For decades, the right to privacy was uncertain in India, often seen as a mere implied right rather than a guaranteed one. In 2017, a nine-judge Constitution Bench unanimously held that privacy is intrinsic to life and liberty under Article 21, thereby elevating it to the status of a fundamental right. The case arose in the backdrop of challenges to Aadhaar, the biometric-based identification system. While t

The landmark Puttaswamy judgment recognized privacy as a fundamental right, forever changing the legal landscape in India. Since 2017,...

The Aadhaar case has been pivotal in India’s legal journey towards safeguarding privacy amidst rapid digital transformation. Before the...