The Puttaswamy judgment is a watershed in Indian constitutional law. For decades, the right to privacy was uncertain in India, often seen as a mere implied right rather than a guaranteed one. In 2017, a nine-judge Constitution Bench unanimously held that privacy is intrinsic to life and liberty under Article 21, thereby elevating it to the status of a fundamental right. The case arose in the backdrop of challenges to Aadhaar, the biometric-based identification system. While t